Earl of Lincoln, Lancaster, Leicester, Derby, and Salisbury288

Very powerful, partly because his lands were clustered together rather spread throughout the kingdom. Edward II negotiated with him as if Thomas were an independent head of state. In 1308 Thomas moved to permanent opposition of the king. He was a generous almsgiver and more than conventionally devout, but was also “sexually immoral,” quarrelsome, vindictive, and selfish. He was rapacious to his tenants, maintained his retainers beyond his rights to do so, seized what he wanted in defiance of law, and readily resorted to violence and brutality. He carried on a number of private wars and his hatred of the king helped poison national politics for years. Incompetent as a ruler, he lost support even of his wife. He was defeated in a battle against Edward’s forces and executed.288

Brought the earldoms of Lincoln and Salisbury to her marriage288

Left Lancaster in 1316288