One of the most famous men in English history. Mistaken by Victorians as the founder of parliamentary government, Simon led the most concerted and radical attempt to control royal power and authority before the seventeenth century. For three months in 1263 and another 15 in 1264-5, he ruled England ostensibly in the name of a program of reform which insisted on a governement by council, consent by parliament, and other measures.

Idealism was matched by avarice; conscience by harshness; piety by pride. Simon scorched the political world of England and northern France in a career so dramatic, indeed improbable, that his violent and sordid end can almost appear classically tragic.205

Exerted powerful influence over Henry III, whose feelings for Simon moved from affection to jealousy to suspicion to hatred. “The final scene of their relationship, when Henry, captive and in borrowed armor, was forced into the field to see Simon butchered by the troops of his own son and Montfort’s godson, Edward, is too dramatic for fiction.”205

Montfort’s rise to power came in response to Henry III’s loathing of the independence of his subjects. In 1258 Henry deposed the mayor and aldermen of London on charges of financial irregularity. He tried to position himself as champion of the lower classes, but the people didn’t buy it. They wanted reform, and Montfort was their man. His armies advanced on London in June 1263. Londoners poured into the streets to join his troops. Initially successful, he was ultimately killed in 1265 by the future Edward I at the Battle of Evesham. His body was stripped naked and mutilated at the prince’s orders.207

Married Simon after the death of her first husband. Had five sons and a daughter with Simon. “Strong-minded.”205